Combination pocketbook and card case



H. M. HERBENER COMBINATION POCKETBOOK AND CARD CASE Aug. 26, 1947.

Filed Oct. 25; 1945 4 Sheets-Sheet l Aug. 26, 1947 H. M. HERBENER ,5

COMBINATION POCKETBOOK AND CARD CASE Filed Oct. 25, 1945 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Aug. 26, 1947. H. M.HERB,ENER 2,426,50

COMBINATION POCKETBOOK AND CARD CASE Filed Oct. 25 1945 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 A g- 26, 1947. a. M. HERBENER 2,42 ,504

COMBINATION FOCKETBOOK'AND CARD CASE Fi led Oct. 25, 1945 I 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented Aug. 26, 1947 COMBINATION POCKETBOOK AND CARD CASE Henry M. Herbener, Thomasville, Ga.

Application October 25, 1945, Serial No. 624,347

13 Claims. (Cl. 150-35) My invention relates to a folder, card case or pocket construction.

An important object of the invention is to provide a device of the above mentioned character having rounded edges and all stitching covered from exterior view.

A further object of the invention is to provide a device of the above mentioned character having a partition element to which the inwardly folded marginal tongues are secured, producing rounded edges and a bellows construction.

A further object of the invention is to provide a two-layer'partition element, which is stitched inwardly of its marginal edges, and having the marginal tongues secured thereto, providing a bellows construction and limiting the spreading action of the sides of the partition element.

A further object of the invention is to provide a two-layer partition element stitched in a manner for forming locking tongue receiving openings between the layers. 7

A further object of the invention is to provide means whereby parts may be sewed together where the maximum strains occur and connected by interlocking tongues, where the strains are at the minimum.

A further object of the invention is to providea device of the above mentioned character wherein the outer main side, lining and window side may bestitched together, forming a marginal tongue portion which is folded in between a twolayer partition element.

A further object of the invention is to stitch the two-layer partition element to the tongues of the outer main side, providing openings between the two layers for receiving the locking tongues of the window side.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent during the course of the following description.

In the accompanying drawings forming a, part of this application and in which like numerals are employed to designate like parts throughout the same, 7

Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view of the several blanks employed in forming the folder, card case or pocket construction,

Figure 2 is a perspective view of the outer blank, showing the longitudinal tongues folded inwardly and sewed to one side of the two-layer partition element,

Figure 3 is a transverse section taken on line 3-3 of Figure 2,

Figure 4 is a perspective view of the parts shown in Figures 2 and 3, with the upper layer of the partition element folded over and provided with a U-shaped line of stitching. v

Figure 5 is a transverse section taken on line 5-5 of Figure 4,

Figure 6 is a longitudinal section taken on lin 6-6 of Figure 4,

Figure 7 is a view similar to Figure 4, showing the next step ofarranging the previouslystitched companion two-layer partition element upon the upper side of the outer blank,

Figure 8 is a longitudinal section taken on line 8-8 of Figure '7,

Figure 9 is a view similar to Figure 7, showing the next step of arranging the window sides upon the partition elements,

Figure 10 is a longitudinal section taken on line I Bl 0 of Figure Figure 11 is a perspective view, open, of the completed device,

Figure 12 is a longitudinal section taken on line l2--l 20f Figure 11,

. Figure 13 is a transverse section taken on line I3l 3 of Figure 11,

Figure 14 is a transverse section taken on line l4-l4 of Figure 11, I V r Figure 15 is a perspective view of the device,

closed, V r

Figure 15 is an exploded perspective view of the several blanks for forming a" modified form of folder, card case or pocket construction,

Figure 16 is aperspective view showing the assembled main outer sides and lining,

Figure 17 is a transverse section taken on line l1l I of Figure 16,

Figure 18 is a perspective View of the assembled main outer sides and lining and the inner or window sides positioned'flat beneath the main outer sides, parts being stitched together,

Figure 19 is a longitudinal section taken on line l9-I 9 of Figure 18, I

Figure 20 is a perspective view similar to Figure 18, showing the folded partition units placed in position upon the lining,

Figure 21 is a longitudinal section taken on'lin 2|'2l of Figure 20,

Figure 22 is a perspective view like Figure 20,

showing the step of folding the tongues of the or window side upwardly over the partition units 7 shown.

locking tongues through the passages of the lines o of stitching of the partition units, and,

Figure 28 is a transverse section taken on line 2828 of Figure 27.

The folder, card case or pocket construction includes an outer blank 30, formed of flexible material. This blank comprises first and second main outer sides 3| and 32, foldable upon transverse lines 33 and connected by an intermediate strip 34. The first main outer side 3| is provided with longitudinal folding tongues 55, foldable upon lines 35. The first side is-also provided with a transverse folding tongue 31, foldable upon a transverse line 58. The ends of these folding tongues are beveled and a tapered tab 39 is formed upon the first side 3! at the outer corners, between these beveled ends, and these tabs are adapted to be folded inwardly to afford blunt turned edge corners. These tabs 39 may be first folded inwardly and secured to the front side by cement or the like. The second main outer side 32 is provided with longitudinal folding tongues 45 and these folding tongues carry longitudinal locking tongues ll. The second side 32 is provided at its outer end with a transverse folding tongue 42, foldable inwardly upon a transverse line 43, and this transverse folding tongue carries locking tongues id, as Tapered tabs 45 are formed upon the outer corners of the second side 32 and are foldable inwardly over this side 'to provide blunt turned edge corners. The tabs 45 may be first folded inwardly and secured to the side 32 by cement or the like.

The numeral 46 designates a two-layer partition element blank, comprising a first side 41 and a second side 4.8, foldable upon a transverse line 49. V

The-first side 41 is now arranged upon the first side 3| and'the longitudinal folding tongues 35 are folded inwardly over the first side 41, and elements 35 and d! are secured together by lines of stitching 55, passing through these elements and not through the first side 31, Figures 2 and 3. Both lines of stitching 50 maybe effected by a tubular stitching machine or'one folding tongue 35 maybe stitched fiat to the first side 41, which is then folded over and stitched to the companion folding tongue 35 by a tubular stitch sewing machine. When the first side 41 is thus secured to the longitudinal folding tongue 35, the second side 48 may be flat and arranged above the second side 32, as shown in Figure 2. The next step is to fold the second side 48 upon the transverse folding line 45 so that it overlaps the first side 41 and this produces a two-layer partition element, having an inner folded edge at the line 49, Figure 4. The two sides or layers 4i and 48 are now secured together by a U-shaped line of stitching 52, Figures 4 and 5, passing through the sides 41 and 4B'on1y, and not through the first side 3|. This U-shaped line of stitching is spacedinwardly a suitable distance from the marginal edges of the sides 41 and 48, providing flexible marginal strips or portions 53 and 54,

which aid in producing a bellows construction. The U-shaped stitching 52 prevents the sides 41 and 38 spreading inwardly of the line of stitching.

The numeral 55, Figure 1, designates a companion two-layer partition element blank, similar to the blank 45 and including a first side 55 and a second side 51, foldable upon each other upon a transverse line 58. These sides are brought to the folded position and are stitched together by a U-shaped line of stitching 59, passing through the same only, and this is done before the partion element is arranged in the assembled position. The lines of stitching 59 are stopped or interrupted adjacent to the longitudinal edges of the sides 55 and 55, affording openings or passages between the side 55 and 57. The line of stitching 59 is further stopped or interrupted adjacent to the transverse edges of the sides 56 and 5?, for forming openings or passages 5|, between the sides 55 and 57. The line of stitching 59 i spaced inwardly from the edges of the sides 55 and 5'? for providing marginal edge portions 52 and'63, aiding in forming the bellows construction. The line of stitching 59 prevents the separation of the sides 55 and 5'! inwardly of this line of stitching.

Thenext step in assembling is to arrange the folded sides 55 and 51 upon the first main outer side 82, Figure 7 and 8.

The numeral 64 designates a window blank or side having an opening covered by a transparent sheet 55, formed of Celluloid or the like and secured in place by a line of stitching 55 or other suitable means. Formed upon the window side 54 are longitudinal folding tongues Bl, foldable upon longitudinal lines 58. Formed upon the window blank 54 is a transverse folding tongue 59, foldable upon a transverse line iii. Folding tongues 51 and 59 have their ends beveled and the window side 5% is provided at its corners with tapered tabs ii, foldable inwardly to provide blunt turned edge corners, and preferably first secured to the side 55 by cement or the like.

The numeral 72 designates a companion window blank or side, having an opening covered by a sheet of transparent material i3, secured thereto by a line of stitching i l or the like. The window side 12 has longitudinal folding tongues 75, foldable upon longitudinal lines :15. The folding tongues l5 carry locking tongues'll The window side i2 has a transverse folding tongue 38, foldable upon a transverse line 35, and the transverse folding tongue 73 has locking tongues The side 12 is provided at its corners with tapered tabs l2, foldable over the inner face of the side i2 to provide blunt turned edge corners. The tabs i2 are preferably first folded over the side l2 and secured thereto by cement or the like.

The next step in assembling the parts is to arrange the window side 55 upon the two-layer partition element 55 and the window side '82 upon the two-layer partition element 55, Figures 9 and 10. The inner edge of the window side 5 is adjacent to the folded edg {3,9 of the twolayer partition element 45 and the inner edge of the window side i2 is adjacent to the-folded edge 58 of partition element 55. The folding tongues now extend outwardly and are generally horizontal. The longitudinal folding tongues 57 of the window side 5 arenow folded inwardly between the sides ll and 48 of the partition element 55 and are secured tothe upper side iaby cement or the like. Thetransverse folding tongue Bl of the main outer side 3| and the transverse tongue 69 of the window side 84 are now folded inwardly and are arranged between the sides 41 and 48 of the partition unit 46. The tongue 31 is secured to the side 41 by cement or the like, while the tongue 68 is secured to the side 48 by cement or the like. This completes one pocket unit. The longitudinal tongues 40 of the main outer side 32 are now folded inwardly and are arranged between the sides 58 and 51 of the two-layer partition unit 55 and the locking tongues are passed through the openings 60 and engage behind the line of stitching 59. The folding tongues I5 of the window side I2 are folded inwardly and are arranged between the sides 55 and 51 of the partition unit 55 and the locking tongues 11 are passed through the openings 80 and engage behind the line of stitching 59. The transverse folding tongue 42 of the main outer side 32 is folded inwardly and is arranged between the sides 58 and 5'? of the partition unit 55 and its locking tongues 44 are passed through the openings GI and engage behind the line of stitching 59. The transverse folding tongues I8 of the window side I2 are folded inwardly and are arranged between the sides 56 and 5'7 and the looking tongues 80 are passed through the openings BI and engage behind the line of stitching 59. This completes the second pocket unit. The several corner tabs are ordinarily folded in and secured in place prior to this point of assembly, but if desired, they may remain in the open position up to this point, and may be folded in and cemented to their corresponding sides, at this point of assembly.

The partition unit form with the main sides main pockets BI, and the window sides form with the partition units pockets 82. By virtue of the several folding tongues and two-layer partitions, a folder is provided including units, each unit havinga bellows construction at its marginal edges. The bellows construction affords rounded marginal edges and all stitching is concealed from exterior View. The several pockets are closed at their outer ends and open at their inner ends and the pockets extend throughout the entire length and width of their sides, thus providing the maximum holding space. The

completed folder is shown open in Figure 11,

whereby access may be had to the open inner ends of the pockets. In Figure 15, the folder is shown closed. As shown in Figure 15, the marginal edges of all pockets are folded, and all stitching is concealed from exterior View.

In Figures 15 to 28, I have shown a further modification of the invention. In these figures, the numeral 83 designates a main outer blank, having main outer sides 84, foldable upon transverse lines 85, providing an intermediate .connecting strip 86. At the ends of the connecting strip 88, attaching tongues 86' are provided, foldable upon longitudinal lines 81. The main outer sides84 have longitudinal folding tongues 88, foldable upon longitudinal lines 89. These sides 6 ends. The sides 95 are provided at their ends with transverse attaching tongues 98, foldable upon lines 98', and the sides 95 have their corners cut away, as shown at 99. 1

As shown in Figures 16 and 17, the first step in assembling is to fold the attaching tongues 86 inwardly upon the upper face of the connecting strip 86, and the tongues 91 inwardly upon the lower face of the strip 96. The sides 95 are now arranged over the sides 84 and the folded tongues 86' and 91 are secured together by lines of stitching I00, by a tubular stitching sewing machine. This attaches the lining sides 95 to the main outer sides 84. The transverse attaching tongues 98 now extend over the transverse folding tongues 90, as shown. As more clearlyshown in Figure 15, an inner or window side IOI' is provided for coaction with each main side 84. This window side has an opening covered by a transparent sheet I02, which is formed of Celluloid or the like, and secured to the same by a line of stitch ing I03 or other suitable means. Each window side is provided at its outer end with a transverse folding tongue I04, foldable upon a transverse line I05. The window side IOI is provided with longitudinal folding tongues I05, foldable upon longitudinal lines I06. The longitudinal folding tongues I05 are provided with longitudinal locking tongues I01. The ends of the folding tongues I04 and I05 are beveled and the window side IOI has tapered corner flaps I08, foldable upon the inner face of the side IN, and cemented thereto for providing blunt turned edge corners. These flaps may be folded over and secured to the side IOI before this side is placed in position, if desired.

As clearly shown in Figures 18 andl9, the next step in assembling is to arrange the inner or window sides I 0| inverted beneath the main outer sides 84, with the transverse folding tongues I 04 projecting outwardly. The tongues 88, 99 and I04 are now arranged in flat superposed relation and are all secured together by transverse lines of stitching I09, spaced from the folding lines 9 I. V

The numeral IIO designates a two-layer partition blank or unit, foldable upon a transverse line III, forming sides II2. One partition unit I I0 is used in connection with each main outer side 84.

As more clearly shown in Figures 20 and '21, the next step in assembling is to arrange the folded partition units I I0over the lining sides 95 and main outer sides 84, while the window sides IOI also have transverse folding tongues 90, foldable tion 98, carrying attaching tongues 91, at its remain beneath the main outer sides 84. The next assembling step is to fold thetongues 88 of each main outer side 84 inwardly and pass the same between the marginal portions of the sides II2, as clearly shown in Figures 22 and 23. The inwardly folded tongues 88 are now secured to both sides II 2 of the partition unit by means of longitudinal lines of stitching II3, Figures 22 and 23, effected by a tubular stitching machine. These lines of stitching II3 pass through the sides H2 and folded tongues 88 only, and not through the lining side 95, Figure 23. The lines of stitching II3 are spaced inwardly from the outer longitudinal edges of the sides II2, affording marginal edge portions outwardly of the lines of stitching. The lines of stitching II3 are spaced or interrupted at II5, for providing openings or passages, occurring between the sides I I2 of the partition unit.

As more clearly shown in Figures 24, 25 and 26, thenext step in assembling, is to swing each connected window side IOI upwardly upon the several 7 fold g l s ii', S d h reby t ar arranged over the partition units H9, and the inwardly extending folded tongues 98, 9t and 104 may be inserted between thedisconnected ends of the sides H2 of the partition unit.

As more clearly shown in Figures 2''! and 28, the next step in assembling is to fold the folding tongues I05 of each window side Mil inward- 1y to be positioned between the marginal portions pf the sides N2 of the partition unit outwardly of the lines of stitching l l3 and then pass the locking tongues through the openings or passages H5 in the lines of stitching H3, so that these locking tongues engage behind the lines of stitching H3. This completes the assembling. The several corner flaps may be previously fold ed in or may be folded in at this point and secured in the folded position, As more clearly shown in Figure, 25, the window side l0! forms a pocket H6 with one partition side i i2, nd the other partition side H2 forms a pocket H! with the lining side 95 and the main outer side 8%. These pockets are open at their inner ends and by virtue of the arrangement of the several folding tongues, extend throughout the entire width and length of their sides, providing the maximum holding capacity. The several inwardly bent folding tongues provide marginal folded edges and a bellows construction at the marginal edges of the device. The lines of stitching l l3 prevent the sides H2 of each partition unit from spreading inwardly of such lines of stitching, and also securely attach the main outer sides to the partition unit. The line of stitching I69 securely closes the outer ends of the pockets in each pocket construction.

The several blanks or sides are formed of leath- 613 artificial leather, or any other suitable material.

It is to be understood that the forms of my invention herewith shown and described are to be taken as preferred examples of the same, and that various changes in the shape, size and arrangement of parts may be resorted to without departing from the spirit of my invention or the scope of the subjoined claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

1. A folder, comprising main outer sides having marginal folding tongues, partition units arranged opposite the main outer sides, each partition unit including opposed sides, lines of stitching connecting the sides of each partition unit and spaced inwardly from the edges of such sides,

inner sides arranged opposite the partition units,

each inner side having marginal folding tongues, the, folding tongues of the main outer sides being folded inwardly and arranged between the sides of the partition units outwardly of the lines of stitching, the folding tongues of the inner sides tition unit.

2. A folder, comprising main outer connected sides having longitudinal and transverse folding tongues, partition units arranged opposite the mainouter sides, each partition unit including opposed sides, a U-shaped line of stitching connecting the sides of each partition unit and spaced inwardly from its edges, inner sides arranged opposite the partition units, each inner side having longitudinal and transverse folding tongues, the folding tongues of the main outer sides being folded inwardly and extending between the sides of the partition units outwardly of the line of stitching, the folding tongues of the inner sides being folded inwardly and extending between the sides of the partition units outwardly of the line of stitching, and mean to secure the several folding tongues in place said means not connecting the opposed sides of each partition unit outwardly of the U-shaped line of stitching,

3. A pocket construction, comprising a first side provided with marginal folding tongues, a partition unit arranged opposite the first side and including opposed sides, a U-shaped line of stitching connecting the opposed side partition unit and spaced inwardly from the edges of such unit, a second side arranged opposite the partition unit and having marginal folding tongues, the folding tongues of the first side being folded inwardly and extending between the sides of the partition unit outwardly of the line of stitching, means to secure the tongues of the first side to one side of the partition unit outwardly of the line of stitching, the folding tongues of the second side being folded inwardly and arranged between the sides of the partition unit outwardly of the line of stitching, and means separate from the first named securing means to secure the tongues of the second side to the other side of the partition unit outwardly of the line of stitching.

4. A pocket construction, comprising a first side provided with marginal folding tongues, a partition unit arranged opposite the first side and including opposed sides, the marginal tongues of the first side being folded inwardly and arranged between the sides of the partition unit, lines of stitching connecting the tongues of the first side and one side of the partition unit, a second side arranged opposite the partition unit and having marginal folding tongues which are folded inwardly and arranged between the sides of the partition unit and secured to the other side of the partition unit by glue or the like, and lines of stitching connecting the sides of the partition unit and disposed inwardly of the first'named lines of stitching.

5. A pocket unit, comprising a first side having marginal folding tongues provided with locking tongues, a partition unit arranged opposite the first side and including opposed sides, lines of stitching connecting the sides of the partition unit, each line of stitching including longitudinally spaced stitching section passing through the opposed sides and connecting them, the stitching sections forming passages between the opposed sides, a second side arranged opposite the partition unit and having marginal holding and transverse marginal folding tongues, a partions of the sides of the partition unit, lines of stitching including longitudinally spaced stitching sections passing through the longitudinal folding tongues of the main outer side and the sides of the partition unit, the spaced stitching section forming passages between the sides of the partition unit, an inner side for coaction with each partition unit and having longitudinal folding tongues provided with locking tongues and a transverse folding ton ue, means connecting the transverse tongue of each main outer side and the transverse tongue of the inner side, the inner side being arranged over the main outer side and the connected transverse tongues being passed between the outer ends of the sides of each partition unit, the longitudinal folding tongues of the inner side being folded inwardly and inserted between the longitudinal marginal edges of the sides of each partition unit and their locking tongues inserted through the passages between the opposed sides of the partition unit to engage behind such longitudinal lines of stitching.

7. A folder, comprising connected main outer sides,each main outer side having longitudinal marginal folding tongues, a partition unit for each main outer side including opposed sides, the longitudinal foldin tongues of each main outer side being folded inwardly and passed between the longitudinal marginal portions of the sides of the partition unit, lines of stitching including longitudinally spaced stitching sections passing through the longitudinal folding tongues of the main outer side and the sides of the partition unit, the spaced stitching sections forming passages between the sides of the partition unit, an inner side for coaction with each partition unit and having longitudinal folding tongues provided with locking tongues, the inner side being arranged over the partition unit and the longitudinal folding tongues of the inner side being folded inwardly and inserted between the marginal edges of the sides of each partition unit and their locking tongues inserted through the passages between the opposed sides of the partition unit to engage behind such longitudinal lines of stitching.

8. A folder, comprising connected main outer sides having transverse end folding tongues, a partition unit disposed opposite each main outer side and including sides having outer ends, an inner side for coaction with each partition unit and having an outer transverse end folding tongue, means connecting the transverse end folding tongue of the main outer side with the transverse end folding tongue of the inner side, the inner side being arranged upon the face of the partition unit remote from the main outer side and the connected transverse tongues being passed between the outer ends of the partition unit, and means connecting the longitudinal edges of the main outer side and the inner side with the partition unit.

9. A folder, comprising connected outer main side having transverse end folding tongues, a lining comprising sides disposed opposite the outer main sides, the lining sides having transverse end tongues disposed adjacent to the transverse end tongues of the outer main sides, a partition unit for coaction with each lining side and including opposed sides, an inner side for coaction with each partition unit having an end tongue, means connecting all of the end tongues in each group, the inner sides being arranged over the partition units and the groups of connected end tongues being arranged between the sides of the partition units, and mean for connecting the longitudinal edges of the outer main side and the inner sides with the partition units.

10. A pocket unit, comprising a side unit including opposed sides, lines of stitching disposed near the opposed edges of the sides, the lines of stitching including longitudinally spaced stitching sections passing through the opposed sides and connecting them, the stitching sections forming passages between the opposed sides, and a side arranged opposite one face of the side unit and provided at its opposed edges with folding tongues provided with locking tongues, the folding tongues being folded inwardly to cover the opposed edges of one side of the side unit and the locking tongues being inserted through the passages between the opposed sides of the side unit and engaging the stitching sections inwardly of such stitching sections.

11. A pocket unit, comprising a partition unit including opposed sides, mean connecting the opposed sides of the partition unit and spaced inwardly from the edges of such sides, a first coacting side arranged opposite one face of the partition unit and having marginal folding tongues, a second coacting side arranged opposite the remaining face of the partition unit and having marginal folding tongues, the folding tongues of the first coacting side being foldable inwardly to cover the edges of the adjacent side of the partition unit and arranged between the sides of the partition unit outwardly of the connecting means, the folding tongues of the second coacting side being folded inwardly to cover the edges of the adjacent side of the partition unit and arranged between the sides of the partition unit outwardly of the connecting means, means for securing the folding tongues of the first coacting side with the side of the partition unit which is next to the first coacting side and not to the remaining side of the partition unit, and means for securing the folding tongues of the second coacting side to the side of the partition unit which is next to the second coacting side and not to the remaining side of the partition unit.

12. A pocket unit, comprising a partition unit including opposed sides, lines of stitching disposed near the opposite edges of the sides, the lines of stitching including longitudinally spaced stitching sections passing through the opposed sides and connecting them, the stitching sections forming passages between the opposed sides, a first coacting side arranged opposite one face of the partition unit and provided at its opposite edges with folding tongues provided with looking tongues, the folding tongues being folded inwardly to cover the opposed edges of the adjacent side of the partition unit, the locking tongues being inserted through the passages between the sides of the partition unit and engaging with the stitching sections inwardly of the same, and a second coacting side arranged opposite the remaining face of the partition unit and provided at its opposite edges with folding tongues which are folded inwardly to cover the opposed edges of the adjacent side of the partition unit, and means for securing the last named tongues in place.

13. A pocket unit, comprising a partition unit 11 including opposed sides, a first coacting side ar-' ranged opposite one face of the, partition unit and provided at its opposite edges with folding tongues which are folded inwardly to cover the opposed edges of the adjacent side of the partition unit, lines of stitching disposed near the opposite edges of the sides of the partition unit, the lines of stitching including longitudinally spaced stitching sections passing through the opposed sides of the partition unit and the folding tongues of the first coacting ide, the stitching sections forming passages between the sides of the partition unit, a second coacting side arranged opposite the remaining face of the partition unit and provided at its opposite edges with folding tongues provided with looking tongues, the last named folding tongues being folded inwardly to cover the opposed edges of the ad- 12 jacent side of the partition unit, the locking tongues being inserted through the passages and engaging with the stitching sections at their inner sides.

HENRY M. HERBENER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the 10 file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS 

